I. Definition and Importance of Automotive Mechatronic Systems

Automotive mechatronic systems are complex systems integrating mechanical, electronic, and electrical technologies. Acting as a vehicle’s "nerve center" and "musculoskeletal system," they control all vehicle functions—from engine operation and transmission shifting to window lifting and headlight switching—all relying on the precise operation of mechatronic systems. As automotive technology advances, the complexity and importance of these systems grow significantly, directly influencing a vehicle’s power, fuel efficiency, safety, and comfort.

II. Types of Automotive Mechatronic Systems

(A) Engine Control Systems

The Engine Control Unit (ECU) is a core component of automotive mechatronic systems, serving as the "brain" of the entire system. It collects data via various sensors (e.g., engine speed, throttle position, oxygen sensor signals, water temperature) and controls parameters like fuel injection volume, ignition timing, and air intake based on preset programs. This ensures optimal fuel efficiency and power performance while monitoring and protecting the engine.

(B) Body Electronic Systems

Body electronic systems include controls for door locks, window regulators, central locking, air conditioning, audio systems, and interior lighting. These systems are typically managed by independent control units but exchange data via in-vehicle networks. For example, when the vehicle’s anti-theft system is activated, it collaborates with the door lock system to ensure vehicle security.

(C) Chassis Control Systems

Chassis control systems include ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), ESP (Electronic Stability Program), TCS (Traction Control System), and EPS (Electric Power Steering). These systems use sensors to monitor wheel speed, steering angle, and vehicle posture. When the vehicle skids, slips, or experiences understeer/oversteer, they intervene promptly—adjusting brake pressure and engine torque—to improve handling and safety.

(D) Transmission Systems

Transmission systems cover automatic transmission control systems and manual transmissions (some equipped with electronic shifting). Automatic transmission control systems use ECUs to precisely control shift timing and process based on driver operations and vehicle status (e.g., speed, engine RPM, accelerator position), ensuring smooth shifting. Electronic shifting for manual transmissions uses electronic components to assist drivers, enhancing shifting accuracy and convenience.

III. Applications of Automotive Mechatronic Systems

(A) Power Output and Transmission

The engine control system and transmission system in automotive mechatronics work together to achieve power output and transmission. The engine generates power by burning fuel, with the ECU precisely controlling fuel injection and ignition timing to optimize power under different working conditions. The transmission transfers engine power to the wheels; automatic transmission control systems select appropriate gears based on driving status to ensure efficient, smooth power transmission, enabling acceleration, deceleration, and hill climbing.

 (B) Safety Assurance

Safety-related components of chassis control systems and body electronic systems are key to safety assurance. The ABS prevents wheel lock-up during braking, maintaining the vehicle’s steering ability; the ESP monitors vehicle posture and wheel movement to correct instability, preventing rollovers and loss of control. Additionally, body electronic systems such as airbags and door lock anti-theft systems provide comprehensive safety protection for occupants.

(C) Comfort Enhancement

Body electronic systems—including air conditioning, audio, and seat adjustment systems—create a comfortable driving environment. The air conditioning system adjusts interior temperature, humidity, and air quality via electronic control; the audio system provides high-quality sound; the seat adjustment system uses electric controls to adjust seat position and angle, reducing driving fatigue.

(D) Information Interaction and Display

Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) and communication systems in automotive mechatronics enable information interaction between the vehicle and driver. Instrument clusters and displays show vehicle status (e.g., speed, RPM, fuel level, water temperature, fault codes). Communication systems also facilitate information exchange with the external environment: navigation systems provide route planning, while V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) enables data sharing between vehicles and infrastructure, enhancing driving convenience and safety.